It is sometimes also called the chickenpox skin test and the herpes skin test. It also does not identify the type of herpes simplex virus hsv present. Pronunciation of tzanck with 2 audio pronunciations and more for tzanck. Pdf the tzanck smear test is a simple, rapid, valuable, and costeffective diagnostic method based on the investigation of characteristics of. Tzanck cell academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. Tzanck smear kits can be found in the histology supply cabinet and should be forwarded to the requesting department for specimen collection. Tissue is scraped from the base of the vesicle and applied to a glass slide. The current reporting system is the bethesda system, which was introduced in 19886 and later updated again in 1999 table 1. Diagnostic value of tzanck smear in various erosive, vesicular, and. Tzanck cell rate noun clumps of large hyperchromatic epithelial cells are seen lying free within the vesicular space formed as a result of acantholysis in the spinous layer of the epithelium. A positive tzanck smear is an especially reliable and useful diagnostic aid. Diagnostic utility and pitfalls of tzanck smear cytology in diagnosis.
The tzanck smear is reliable, inexpensive, and easy and quick to perform. It is known to most dermatologists as a rapid test for diagnosing herpes virus infections. A useful diagnostic tool find, read and cite all the research you need on. These are seen in herpes zooster, varicella, herpes simplex virus, pemphigus vulgaris, cytomegalo virus.
Kelly b, shimoni t reintroducing the tzanck smear, am j clin dermatology 2009. The workup for chickenpox includes a tzanck smear, vesicular fluid culture, serologic testing, chest radiography, and histologic examination. Several dermatologic diagnostic procedures eg, woods lamp examination, potassium hydroxide preparation, tzanck smear can be performed at the bedside, in the clinic, or in the doctors office to confirm or exclude a suspected diagnosis or to differentiate among diagnoses. Quickly and evenly smear the collected material on one of the glass slides. Cells are examined under a microscope for signs of infection. Under a microscope, multinucleated giant cells are diagnostic for herpesvirus or varicella. There were 8 cases of herpes zoster and tzanck smear w as reported positive in 5 cases 62. Request pdf on jul 1, 2005, lalit kumar gupta and others published tzanck smear. For a tzanck preparation such as you described in your question, the physician scrapes cells from a blister or ulcer and smears them on a microscope slide, which the lab then stains and examines for characteristic changes caused by herpes virus. Case report a 60yearold woman presented at our institution with a 4month history of generalized annular lesions. On the basis of the algorithm for rapid evaluation of patients with an acute generalized vesiculopustular rash. Tzanck smear with methylene blue stain for herpes the safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Tzanck smear test is an inexpensive and useful diagnostic tool for certain skin diseases.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of tzanck smear by determining its sensitivity and specificity in various erosive, vesicular, and bullous skin lesions. For viral infections, samples should be taken from a fresh vesicle, rather than a crusted one, to. It is a simple, lowcost, and rapid office based test. Direct cytologic exam positive active infection use wrightgiemsa stain followed by tzanck smearsee multinucleated giant cells.
Tzanck smear evaluation seattle childrens hospital. Ppap smear reportingap smear reporting the pap smear reporting classification has evolved and been refined over time. The sensitivity of the tzanck smear exceeds 80% and the specificity 90% when the investigators are experienced. More commonly referred to as a tzanck smear or tzanck preparation, this procedure is not a type of special stain so much as it is a type of special smear preparation. Skin scrape or discharge test university of mississippi. The tzanck smear is a rapid and simple technique that can be performed in the clinic or doctors office with minimal patient discomfort or cost. Pdf the value of tzanck smear test in diagnosis of.
Cbc to assess the white blood count for response to a pathogen. Tzanck smear with methylene blue stain for herpes full. The slides should be fixed at the collection point with the fixative contained in the kit. Diagnostic value of tzanck smear in various erosive, vesicular, and bullous skin lesions article pdf available january 2016 with 440 reads how we measure reads. Purpose herpesviruses are responsible for several superficial infections. Choose from 73 different sets of clinical exam, tzanck smear flashcards on quizlet.
Completed specimen collections will be forwarded to the laboratory. Pcr positive active infection detects hsv in tissue, csf, or cell samples. The diagnostic accuracy of the tzanck smear is known, but its diagnostic reliability has been evaluated only in herpetic infections and basal cell carcinoma. Tzanck preparation definition of tzanck preparation by. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the u. In this method, materials obtained in a variety of ways are transferred to a glass slide, stained with various dyes, and then examined under the light microscope. We aimed to investigate tzanck smear findings and to determine the diagnostic value of this test in moist erosive, vesicular, bullous, and pustular skin lesions. Although additional tests, such as histopathology, cultures, or polymerase chain. Confirms viral infection does not identify virus type herpes simplex virus hsv varicella zoster virus vzv obtaining specimen. Sperling, enanthem or lesions with an erythematous base. Pdf diagnostic value of tzanck smear in various erosive. Eczema herpeticum and clinical criteria for investigating smallpox david a. Definition tzanck preparation is a rapid test done to diagnose infections caused by herpesviruses. It is emphasized that using tzanck citology in bullous dermatoses may be extended to the skin lesions of pemphigus foliaceus, endemic in brazil.
The tzanck smear test is a simple and cheap test that relies on viewing and interpretation of single cells cytology. Tzanck smear definition of tzanck smear by medical. Its use, however, can be more widely applied, including in the diagnosis of pustular diseases of the newborn, cutaneous. We also aimed to develop an algorithmic approach for the diagnosis of these types of skin lesions according to the tzanck smear findings.
George papanicolaou is considered the father of exfoliative cytology, but cytology was first used in cutaneous disorders by tzanck in 1947, for the diagnosis of vesiculobullous disorders, particularly herpes simplex. Eczema herpeticum and clinical criteria for investigating. The tzanck smear is certainly useful and very reliable in the diagnosis of herpes smiplex and varicella. If the abnormality is a vesicle, remove the covering and scrape both at the base of the vesicle and around the rim. Specimen collection and processing instructions for medical laboratory test tzanck smear at geisinger medical laboratories. Diagnostic value of tzanck smear in various erosive. The value of tzanck smear test in diagnosis of erosive, vesicular, bullous, and pustular skin lesions. The examination of fluid from a bulla a blister in search of tzanck cells characteristic of varicella, herpes zoster, herpes simplex, and pemphigus vulgaris. Accuracy and reliability of tzanck test compared to histopathology for diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. Tzanck smear demonstrating multinucleated giant cells. Scrapings from suspected lesions of herpes simplex tzanck smear. Despite all these advantages, however, the use of the tzanck test is usually limited to a. The tzanck smear test is an inexpensive, useful, and an easy diagnostic tool for vesiculobullous lesions of skin diseases and can be. Named for a russian dermatologist arnault tzanck 18861954.
Pdf downloaded from gale expanded academic 28th september 2015 dey vk, thawani m, dubey n. As the editor of this book, i would like to thank professor gul erkin and doc tor serkan. The smear is taken from a recent lesion by gently scraping it with a straight scalpel. Recently, we noted increasing number of cases of kaposis varicelliform eruption kve among dermatology inpatients who were being treated for various dermatoses, some of which have not been reported earlier to be associated with kve, and hence, this report. Each cell in the human body there are 100 trillion cells in. Geisinger medical laboratories cytopathology specimen. Each cell is a small container of chemicals and water wrapped in a membrane.
Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Diagnostic procedures in dermatology clinics in dermatology. Specimen collection and processing instructions for tzanck. Background the tzanck smear is a simple, easily applicable, rapid, and inexpensive test for the diagnosis of erosive vesiculobullous, tumoral, and granulomatous diseases. Tzanck test tsahnk, the examination of fluid from a bullous lesion for tzanck cells altered epithelial cells, rounded and devoid of intercellular attachments. Cell the basic structural and functional unit in people and all living things. This study was designed to identify various dermatoses in which kve occurred, to study the clinical. A study on the effectiveness of tzanck smear to diagnose the. Norton eczema herpeticum can clinically resemble smallpox. It can aid in establishing a rapid clinical diagnosis and can serve as a.
For a tzanck preparation such as you described in your question. Labs might use different stains such as wright stain or pap stain for the smear. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6767 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. The tzanck smear test is a simple, rapid, valuable, and costeffective diagnostic method based on the investigation of characteristics of individual cells. The value of tzanck smear test in diagnosis of erosive. Preparation of tzanck smear tzanck smear is a very simple and rapid technique.
Repeat the process with the second slide, if necessary, for better diagnostic. Laboratory diagnosis of hsv and varicella zoster virus. Herpes simplex virus hsv in emergency medicine workup. A tzanck smear of vesicular fluid, which can be prepared in an office setting, demonstrates multinucleated giant cells and epithelial cells with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion.
Positivity of tzanck smear test in cutaneous leishmaniasis can be increased by combining these various methods in the same patient. Nipple discharge, breast smear, tzanck smear for herpes performing lab. In addition to leishmandonovan bodies, eosinophils 76. The most useful applications of the tzanck smear in dermatologic practice are listed in table 2. Residents ppap smearap smear bioline international. Varicella zoster virus causes chickenpox and shingles, herpes simplex type 1 causes the. For viral infections, samples should be taken from a fresh vesicle, rather than a crusted one, to ensure the yield of a number of virus infected cells. In dermatopathology, the tzanck test, also tzanck smear, is scraping of an ulcer base to look for tzanck cells. The diagnosis of these viruses is usually made clinically.
Diagnostic reliability of the tzanck smear in dermatologic. Cytology is a diagnostic tool used to investigate the characteristics of individual cells. This is not a reliable screening test, with a reported sensitivity of 65%. Cutaneous cytology has long been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of several erosive, vesicular, and bullous skin lesions. However, there are tests that can aid in the diagnosis. A skin vesicle is broken open and smeared on a slide with a stain. Ch 75 skin disorders objectives flashcards quizlet. The tzanck smear although an old tool, still remains a simple, rapid, easily applied, and inexpensive test for these skin lesions. A tzanck test aka tzanck smear is a rapid test that can be performed when hsv1, hsv2, cmv or varicella is suspected. For pemphigus vulgaris, out of 4 cases, 2 50% were reported positive on tzanck smear. The periphery of these cells is basophilic and the nucleus is spheric and enlarged with prominent nucleoli. A completed surgical pathology request form including hospital number, name, date of birth, date of procedure, preop diagnosis, clinical history, ordering physician, and any other. The vesicle should be unroofed or the crust removed, and the base scraped with a scalpel or the edge of a spatula.
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